CEAP 是「Clinical, Etiology, Anatomy, Pathophysiology」的縮寫,是國際上用來評估和分級慢性靜脈疾病(如靜脈曲張)的標準系統。包含臨床症狀(Clinical)、病因(Etiology)、解剖位置(Anatomy)與病理生理(Pathophysiology),其目的在於對慢性靜脈疾病進行分類,而非作為靜脈逆流本身的嚴重度量表或預後指標,其中「臨床分級」最常用來描述及記錄靜脈曲張,因為可以從外觀上明顯簡單地分辨出來。
- C1:蜘蛛網狀靜脈血絲(Telangiectasia)或網狀靜脈曲狀(reticular veins)
- C2:有如蚯蚓般隆起的靜脈曲張 (varicose vein)
- C3:下肢水腫 (edema)
- C4:皮膚病變
- C4a: 色素沉澱或濕疹(pigmentation or eczema)
- C4b: 脂性皮膚硬化症或白色萎縮症 (lipodermatosclerosis or atrophy blanche)
- C4c: 冠狀靜脈曲張 (corona phlebectasia)
- C5:已癒合之靜脈潰瘍(healed ulcer)
- C6:活動性靜脈潰瘍(active ulcer)
參考文獻
Gloviczki, P., Lawrence, P. F., Wasan, S. M., et al. (2024). The 2023 Society for Vascular Surgery, American Venous Forum, and American Vein and Lymphatic Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Varicose Veins of the Lower Extremities. Part II: Endorsed by the Society of Interventional Radiology and the Society for Vascular Medicine. Journal of Vascular Surgery. Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 12(1), 101670. doi:10.1016/j.jvsv.2023.08.011.
Lurie, F., Passman, M., Meisner, M., et al. (2020). The 2020 Update of the CEAP Classification System and Reporting Standards. Journal of Vascular Surgery. Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 8(3), 342-352. doi:10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.12.075.
Gloviczki, P., Comerota, A. J., Dalsing, M. C., et al. (2011). The Care of Patients With Varicose Veins and Associated Chronic Venous Diseases: Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the American Venous Forum. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 53(5 Suppl), 2S-48S. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2011.01.079.
Kistner, R. L., Eklof, B., Masuda, E. M. (1996). Diagnosis of Chronic Venous Disease of the Lower Extremities: The "CEAP" Classification. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 71(4), 338-45. doi:10.4065/71.4.338.
Scheerders, E. R. Y., Pardo, L. M., Malskat, W. S. J., et al. (2025). Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Venous Disease in a General Population in the Netherlands: Results From the Rotterdam Study. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery: The Official Journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2025.08.028.
